•   This cool Eastern margin climate is an intermediate type of climate between the British and the Siberian type of climate.

•   Found in

o  The north-eastern North America, in­cluding eastern Canada, north-east U.S.A., (i.e. Maritime Provinces and the New England states), and Newfoundland.

o  The eastern coastlands of Asia, including eastern Siberia, North China, Manchuria, Korea and northern Japan.

o  In the southern hemisphere, this climatic type is absent because only a small section of the southern continents extends south of the latitude of 40°S.

•   Features:

o  It has cold, dry winters and warm, wet summers.

o  Though rainfalls through-out the year, there is a distinct summer maximum from the easterly winds from the ocean.

o  The predominant vegetation is cool temperate forest.

o  Lumbering and its associated timber, paper and pulp industries are the most important economic under­taking.

o  A number of crops are produced in the Asiatic region such as soya beans, groundnuts, sesame, rape seeds, Tung oil and mulberry.

o  Fishing is the most outstanding economic activity of the Laurentian climatic regions.

•   It is a Warm Temperate Eastern Margin Climate.

•   It has comparatively more rainfall than the Mediterranean climate in the same latitudes, coming mainly in the summer.

•   The China type climate is found in Central and north China, including southern Japan (temperate monsoonal).

•   Gulf type climate of south-eastern U.S.A., bordering the Gulf of Mexico and Natal type climate of New South Wales, Natal and Parana-Paraguay-Uruguay basin are a part of warm Temperate Eastern Margin climate along with China type climate.

•   It is characterized by a warm moist summer and a cool, dry winter.

•   The mean monthly temperature varies between 40°F. and 78°F and is strongly modified by maritime influence.

•   Occasionally, the penetration of cold air from the continental interiors may bring down the temperature to freezing point.

•   Rainfall is uniformly distributed and is more than moderate, anything from 25 inches to 60 inches.

•   In interior regions there is a distinct dry season.

•   Rain is due to convectional sources or as orographic rain in summer, or from depressions in prolonged showers in winter.

•   Local storms, e.g. typhoons, and hurricanes, also occur.

•   The lowlands carry both ever­green broad-leaved forests and deciduous trees quite similar to those of the tropical monsoon forests.

•   On the highlands, are various species of conifers such as pines and cypresses.

•   West European type of climate (Cb) also known as marine west coast climate is located between 40° and 65° latitudes in both the hemispheres along the western coasts of the continents.

•   It is surrounded by Mediterranean climate in the south, continental dry climate in the east and semi arctic climate in the north.

•   The temperatures are affected by marine influences, warm ocean cur­rents and prevailing winds and air masses.

•   It is characterized by cool summer and mild winters.

•   Average temperature during summer season ranges between 15°C and 21°C.

•   Rainfall is abundant and uniformly distributedthroughout the year but winter maximum is the charac­teristic feature of coastal locations while interior loca­tions record summer maximum.

•   Broad-leaf deciduous forest, Needle-leaf (coniferous) forest and Mixed forests are found in the region.

•   The west European type of climate has developed over north-western Europe (including Great Britain, western Norway, Denmark, northwest Germany, Neth­erlands, Belgium, Luxemberg, and north-western France), British Columbia of Canada, Washington and Oregon states of the USA, south-west coast of Chile (S. America), south-east coast of Australia, and Tasmania and New Zealand.

•   It is a major climate type of the Koppen classification.

•   It is characterized by hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters.

•   It is located between about 30° and 45° latitude north and south of the Equator and on the western sides of the continents.

•   Majority of precipitation is when the Westerlies shift equatorward in the winter.

•   Rain falls in heavy showers only on a few days a week, with brilliant sunny intervals in between.

•   Poleward extension and expansion of the subtropical anticyclone over the oceans bring subsiding air to the region in summer, with clear skies and high temperatures.

•   Sirocco and Mistral are two of the prominent local winds of the region.

•   Small, broad-leaved trees are widely scattered. Evergreen Oak can be found in the most climatically favorable areas.

•   The Mediterranean region is often regarded as the orchard land of the world.