Synopsis IAS

Q 1(a). ‘Soanian cultural’ tradition. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

‘सौहन संस्कृति’ परम्परा

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Q 1(b). Caste domination, factionalism and political power. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

जातिगत वर्चस्व, गुटबंदी एवं राजनैतिक शक्ति

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Q 1(c). Regionalism and Autonomy. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

क्षेत्रवाद तथा स्वायत्तता

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Q 1(d). Verrier Elwin's philosophy with respect to Arunachal Pradesh. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

अरुणाचल प्रदेश के संदर्भ में वेरियर एल्विन का दर्शन

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Q 1(e). Characteristics and communication between Little and Great Traditions. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

लघु तथा बृहद् परम्पराओं के लक्षण एवं उनके बीच संचार

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Q 2(a). Discuss the palaeoanthropological significance of Siwaliks of India giving its subdivisions, fossil primate fauna and major primate fossil localities. (UPSC 2025, 20 Marks, 250 Words)

भारत में शिवालिक के पुरामानवशास्त्रीय महत्त्व की इसके प्रविभागों, प्राइमेट जीवाश्म प्राणिजातों तथा प्रमुख प्राइमेट जीवाश्म स्थलों सहित विवेचना कीजिए।

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Q 2(b). Delineate the major features of S. S. Sarkar's classification of Indian populations. Was his classification better than Risley? Explain. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

एस० एस० सरकार द्वारा किए गए भारतीय जनसमूहों के वर्गीकरण के प्रमुख लक्षणों का निरूपण कीजिए। क्या उनका वर्गीकरण रिजले से बेहतर था? स्पष्ट कीजिए।

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Q 2(c). Evaluate the impact of Christianity on Scheduled Tribe societies of North-East India. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

उत्तर-पूर्व भारत की अनुसूचित जनजातियों पर ईसाई धर्म के प्रभाव का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।

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Q 3(a). Describe the distinctive features and distribution of Upper Palaeolithic of India. (UPSC 2025, 20 Marks, 250 Words)

भारत में उच्च पुरापाषाण के विशिष्ट लक्षणों एवं विस्तार का वर्णन कीजिए।

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Q 3(b). Examine the environmental and biocultural factors influencing the health of tribals of India. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

भारतीय जनजातियों के स्वास्थ्य को प्रभावित करने वाले पर्यावरणीय एवं जैव-सांस्कृतिक कारकों का परीक्षण कीजिए।

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Q 3(c). Highlight the significant contributions of B. S. Guha, Irawati Karve and S. R. K. Chopra to Indian Anthropology. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

भारतीय मानवविज्ञान में बी० एस० गुहा, इरावती कर्वे तथा एस० आर० के० चोपड़ा के महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान पर प्रकाश डालिए।

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Q 4(a). What are the different types of caste mobility in India? Highlight the various factors responsible for it. (UPSC 2025, 20 Marks, 250 Words)

भारत में विभिन्न प्रकार की जाति गतिशीलताएँ क्या हैं? इनके उत्तरदायी विभिन्न कारकों पर प्रकाश डालिए।

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Q 4(b). Elucidate the role of demographic and social factors for population growth in India. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

भारत की जनसंख्या वृद्धि में जनसांख्यिकीय तथा सामाजिक कारकों की भूमिका स्पष्ट कीजिए।

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Q 4(c). Critically examine the concept of Scheduled Tribe (ST) and mention the limitations of administrator's criteria. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

अनुसूचित जनजाति (एस० टी०) की अवधारणा का समालोचनात्मक परीक्षण कीजिए तथा प्रशासकों द्वारा निर्दिष्ट मानकों की सीमाओं का उल्लेख कीजिए।

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Q 5(a). Impact of urbanization and industrialization on tribal communities of India. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

भारत के जनजातीय समुदायों पर शहरीकरण तथा उद्योगीकरण के प्रभाव।

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Q 5(b). Taxonomic status of Ramapithecus in the light of Ramapithecus-Sivapithecus controversy. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

रामापिथेकस-शिवापिथेकस विवाद की रोशनी में रामापिथेकस की वर्गिकी प्रस्थिति।

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Q 5(c). Tribalism and Pseudotribalism. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

जनजातिवाद तथा छद्म-जनजातिवाद।

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Q 5(d). Varnashrama and its contemporary relevance. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

वर्णाश्रम एवं इसका समकालीन औचित्य।

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Q 5(e). Lothal dockyard and international trade relations. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

लोथल गोदीबाड़ा तथा अंतर्राष्ट्रीय व्यापारिक संबंध।

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Q 6(a). "The village was not merely a place where people lived; it had a design in which were reflected the basic values of Indian civilization." Who said this? Elaborate. (UPSC 2025, 20 Marks, 250 Words)

"गाँव मात्र ऐसा स्थान नहीं था जहाँ लोग रहते थे; यह ऐसा अभिकल्प था जहाँ भारतीय सभ्यता के आधारभूत मूल्य प्रतिबिंबित होते थे।" यह कथन किसका था? इस कथन की विस्तारपूर्वक व्याख्या कीजिए।

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Q 6(b). Discuss the role of NGOs in the socioeconomic and political development of weaker sections and the manner in which they facilitate other stakeholders. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

कमजोर वर्गों के सामाजिक-आर्थिक एवं राजनैतिक विकास में गैर-सरकारी संगठनों की भूमिका तथा अन्य हितधारकों को सुसाध्य बनाने के तरीकों की विवेचना कीजिए।

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Q 6(c). Trace the history and describe the methods of formulating the lists of OBCs, both at the State and National levels. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

अन्य पिछड़े वर्गों की सूची बनाने की प्रविधियों तथा इसके इतिहास के अनुरेखण का राज्य तथा राष्ट्र के स्तर पर वर्णन कीजिए।

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Q 7(a). Identify the contemporary limitations in the process of tribal development. How can anthropological knowledge contribute in this process? (UPSC 2025, 20 Marks, 250 Words)

जनजातीय विकास की प्रक्रिया में समकालीन सीमाओं की पहचान कीजिए। इस प्रक्रिया में मानवशास्त्रीय ज्ञान का योगदान कैसे हो सकता है ?

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Q 7(b). Discuss the rising ethnic conflicts in India and propose their possible remedial measures. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

भारत में बढ़ते हुए नृजातीय संघर्षों की विवेचना कीजिए तथा इनके संभावित उपचारी उपायों को प्रस्तावित कीजिए।

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Q 7(c). Critically evaluate the concept of Nation-State and describe its impact on indigenous societies. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

राष्ट्र-राज्य की अवधारणा का समालोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन कीजिए तथा देशज समाजों पर इसके प्रभाव का वर्णन कीजिए।

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Q 8(a). Describe the nature of traditional socioeconomic interdependence among the Toda, Kota, Kurumba and Irula tribes of Nilgiri Hills. Highlight the changes occurring in these interrelationships. (UPSC 2025, 20 Marks, 250 Words)

नीलगिरि पर्वतों की टोडा, कोटा, कुरूम्बा तथा इरूला जनजातियों की परम्परागत सामाजिक-आर्थिक परस्पर निर्भरता की प्रकृति का विवरण प्रस्तुत कीजिए। इन अन्तर्सम्बन्धों में आए परिवर्तनों पर प्रकाश डालिए।

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Q 8(b). Define minority. Elaborate the patterns of linguistic and religious minorities in India. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

अल्पसंख्यक की परिभाषा दीजिए। भारत में अल्पसंख्यकों के भाषाई तथा धार्मिक प्रतिमानों की विस्तारपूर्वक व्याख्या कीजिए।

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Q 8(c). What are the identifying criteria for PVTGs in India? Examine their current status, nomenclature and distribution. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

भारत में पी० वी० टी० जी० की पहचान के क्या आधार हैं? इनकी वर्तमान प्रस्थिति, नामावली तथा विस्तार का परीक्षण कीजिए।

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Anthropology Optional 2025 Paper 2 With Solution

Q 1(a). ‘Soanian cultural’ tradition. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

Answer

Q 1(b). Caste domination, factionalism and political power. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

Answer

Q 1(c). Regionalism and Autonomy. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

Answer

Q 1(d). Verrier Elwin's philosophy with respect to Arunachal Pradesh. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

Answer

Q 1(e). Characteristics and communication between Little and Great Traditions. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

Answer

Q 2(a). Discuss the palaeoanthropological significance of Siwaliks of India giving its subdivisions, fossil primate fauna and major primate fossil localities. (UPSC 2025, 20 Marks, 250 Words)

Answer

Q 2(b). Delineate the major features of S. S. Sarkar's classification of Indian populations. Was his classification better than Risley? Explain. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

Answer

Q 2(c). Evaluate the impact of Christianity on Scheduled Tribe societies of North-East India. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

Answer

Q 3(a). Describe the distinctive features and distribution of Upper Palaeolithic of India. (UPSC 2025, 20 Marks, 250 Words)

Answer

Q 3(b). Examine the environmental and biocultural factors influencing the health of tribals of India. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

Answer

Q 3(c). Highlight the significant contributions of B. S. Guha, Irawati Karve and S. R. K. Chopra to Indian Anthropology. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

Answer

Q 4(a). What are the different types of caste mobility in India? Highlight the various factors responsible for it. (UPSC 2025, 20 Marks, 250 Words)

Answer

Q 4(b). Elucidate the role of demographic and social factors for population growth in India. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

Answer

Q 4(c). Critically examine the concept of Scheduled Tribe (ST) and mention the limitations of administrator's criteria. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

Answer

Q 5(a). Impact of urbanization and industrialization on tribal communities of India. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

Answer

Q 5(b). Taxonomic status of Ramapithecus in the light of Ramapithecus-Sivapithecus controversy. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

Answer

Q 5(c). Tribalism and Pseudotribalism. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

Answer

Q 5(d). Varnashrama and its contemporary relevance. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

Answer

Q 5(e). Lothal dockyard and international trade relations. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

Answer

Q 6(a). "The village was not merely a place where people lived; it had a design in which were reflected the basic values of Indian civilization." Who said this? Elaborate. (UPSC 2025, 20 Marks, 250 Words)

Answer

Q 6(b). Discuss the role of NGOs in the socioeconomic and political development of weaker sections and the manner in which they facilitate other stakeholders. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

Answer

Q 6(c). Trace the history and describe the methods of formulating the lists of OBCs, both at the State and National levels. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

Answer

Q 7(a). Identify the contemporary limitations in the process of tribal development. How can anthropological knowledge contribute in this process? (UPSC 2025, 20 Marks, 250 Words)

Answer

Q 7(b). Discuss the rising ethnic conflicts in India and propose their possible remedial measures. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

Answer

Q 7(c). Critically evaluate the concept of Nation-State and describe its impact on indigenous societies. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

Answer

Q 8(a). Describe the nature of traditional socioeconomic interdependence among the Toda, Kota, Kurumba and Irula tribes of Nilgiri Hills. Highlight the changes occurring in these interrelationships. (UPSC 2025, 20 Marks, 250 Words)

Answer

Q 8(b). Define minority. Elaborate the patterns of linguistic and religious minorities in India. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

Answer

Q 8(c). What are the identifying criteria for PVTGs in India? Examine their current status, nomenclature and distribution. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

Answer